joining us now. >> misplaced confidence. >>> blair taylor is with us. one of the things that urban league is involved with and something we haven't talked about as much during this conversation is parental involvement. >> right. >> and how important that is and howdy that can be in certain areas, especially urban areas. >> very much of a challenge, but critical. we have to start looking at education solutions from the bottom up versus the top down which means involving the community, involving parents, making sure teachers and students are involved in the solutions that we design. so traditionally what we've had is top-down management from a school district that would either at a local level, local school district or citywide school district that would be naming the mandates, outlining what curriculum is, planning for budget. what we're seeing now that is most effective is when you turn some of that back over to the school and let them make local decisions on curriculum or budget expenditures involving the students and teachers, you get a much better de